ABSTRACT
Objective:
Our aim is to evaluate the demographic characteristics of our non-varicose upper gastrointestinal (GİS) bleeding patients
Methods:
The files of 60 patients who applied between January 1 2017 and June 30 2017 and who had endoscopic diagnosis of non-variceal bleeding were retrospectively screened. Demographic, laboratory and endoscopic data of patients were recorded.
Results:
A total of 60 patients were included in the study. Thirty-three (55%) of the patients were male and 27 (45%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 64.27±17.90. When the biochemical parameters of the patients are examined at the time of admission, mean hemoglobin values were 9.54±2.67 g/dL and mean platelet counts were 257.117±95.420/mm3. According to the Forrest classification, 1 patient was 1 (1%), 3 patients (5%) were 1B, 11 patients (18.3%) were 2A, 8 patients (13.3%) were 2B, 6 patients (10% 2C and 31 patients (51.7%) were identified as 3, respectively.
Conclusion:
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a clinical condition that must be carefully evaluated in the emergency department. It should be kept in mind that patients may also be exposed to non-specific general symptoms, such as weakness and dizziness, as well as melena and hematemesis/hematochezia.
Keywords:
GIS bleeding, emergency room, forrest, endoscopy
References
1Yamada T. Handbook of Gastroenterology. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2002;16-8.
2Hurst JM. Gastrointestinal Bleeding. In: Civetta JM, Tayor RW, Kirby RR, editors. Critical care medicine. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott 1988;1271-82.
3Szura M, Pasternak A. Upper non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding review the effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis methods. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015;7:1088-95.
4Mungan Z. Üst gastrointestinal sistem kanamaları. In: Ökten A, editor. Gastroenterohepatoloji. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri 2001;75.
5Yalçın MS, Kara B, Öztürk NA, Ölmez Ş, Taşdoğan BE, Taş A. Üst Gastrointestinal Sistem Kanamalı Hastaların Epidemiyolojisi ve Endoskopik Bulguları. Dicle Medical Journal 2016;43:73-6.
6Günsar F, Akarca US, Yönetçi N, Özütemiz Ö, Aydın A, Ersöz G, ve ark. Üst gastrointestinal sistem kanamalı yüz hastanın değerlendirilmesi. Türk J Gastroenterol 1997;8:188-93.
7Boonpongmanee S, Fleischer DE, Pezzula JC, Collier K, Mayoral W, Al-Kawas F, et al. The frequency of peptic ulcer as a cause of upper GI bleeding is exaggerated. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:788-94.
8Yenigün EC, Pirpir A, Aytan P, Ulusal G, Yıldırım İS. Evaluation of the characteristics of patients with upper gastrointestinal system bleeding. Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi 2006;5:116-22.
9Okutur SK, Alkım C, Bes C, Gürbüz D, Kınık Ö, Gültürk E ve ark. Akut üst gastrointestinal sistem kanamaları: 230 olgunun analizi. Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi 2007;6:30-6.
10Di Fiore F, Lecleire S, Merle V, Hervé S, Duhamel C, Dupas JL, et al. Changes in characteristics and outcome of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a com¬parison of epidemiology and practices between 1996 and 2000 in a multicenter French study. Ear J Gastroenterology Hepatol 2005;17:641-7.
11Mino Fugarolas G, Jaramillo Esteban JL, Galvez Calderon C, et al. An analysis of a general prospective series of 3270 upper digestive hemorrhages. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1992;82:7-15.
12Altunoğlu EG, Müderrisoğlu C, Erdenen F, Bektaş H, Polat H. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding:One Center’s Five Years Experience. Istanbul Med J 2012;13:169-75.
13Baş B, Oymacı E, Dinç B. Evaluation of Results in Patients with Acute Upper Gis Bleeding: A Goverment Hospital Experience. J Clin Anal Med 2015;6:362-5.
14Türedi S, Gündüz A, Yandı M. An etiological and prognostic evaluation of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from Karadeniz Technical University Department of Emergency Medicine. Turk J Emerg Med 2010;10:20-5.
15Aksöz K, Ünsal B, Akyol Z, Ergün A, Önder G, Gönenç U, ve ark. Üst Gastrointestinal sistem kanamalı 2568 hastanın değerlendirilmesi. Türk J Gastroenterol 1995;6:162-4.
16Shennak MM. Etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Jordanian patients: A prospective study. Ann Saudi Med 1995;15:54-9.
17Crooks CJ, West J, Card TR. Comorbidities affect risk of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterology 2013;144:1384-93.
18Thomopoulos K, Vagenas K, Vagianos C, Margaritis VG, Blikas AP, Katsakoulis EC, et al. Changes in aetiology and clinical outcome of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding during last 15 years. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;16:177-82.
19Conrad SA. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients: Causes and treatment modalities. Crit Care Med 2002;30:365-8.
20Büyükuncu Y. Üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisi. Kalaycı G (ed). Genel Cerrahi.1. baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri 2002;2:1029-49.
21British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee. Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: guidelines. Gut 2002;51:iv1-iv6.
22Huang CS, Lichtenstein DR. Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2003;32:1053-78.
23Cander B, Ertekin B, Kara H, Gül M, Dündar D, Koçak S, Girişgin S. Acil Servise Gastrointestinal Kanama İle Başvuran Hastalarda Hastane Yatış Süresini Etkileyen Faktörler. Fırat Tıp Dergisi 2011;16:51-4.
24Cipolletta L, Bianco MA, Rotondano G, Marmo R, Riscopo R. Outpatient management for low-risk nonvariceal upper GI bleeding: A randomized controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:1-5.